Perfiles de empleabilidad: el caso de una Universidad española
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32826/cude.v43i123.238Palabras clave:
Empleabilidad, modelo logit, análisis factorial, búsqueda de empleo, transición al mercado laboralResumen
El papel tradicional de las Instituciones de Educación Superior como proveedoras de conocimiento e investigación se ha extendido a todo el mundo en las últimas décadas. A la misión original de formación se ha incorporado la de orientación al mercado laboral como un nuevo elemento clave de las estrategias políticas. Este artículo propone un análisis de componentes principales y un modelo logit para medir la influencia de algunos factores que afectan de forma decisiva a la probabilidad de encontrar un empleo. En el análisis se utiliza una muestra de graduados europeos de Educación Superior, y se presentan las titulaciones universitarias más demandadas desde el punto de vista de la empleabilidad. En la investigación se obtienen cinco perfiles principales: expertos en Tecnología de la Información, trabajadores estándar, trabajadores proactivos, community managers e insatisfacción vocacional.
Citas
Arrow, K. (1973). Higher education as a filter. Journal of Public Economics, 2(2):72-80.
Becker, G. (1964). Human capital. A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
Berntson, E., Näswall, K. and Sverke, M. (2008). Investigating the relationship between employability and self-efficacy: A cross-lagged analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(4):413-425.
Blaug, M. (1983). Where are we now in the economics of education? University of London, London.
Blom, A., Saeki, H. (2011). Employability and skill set of newly graduated engineers in India, Working paper series No. 1, World Bank Policy Research, Washington.
Boeri, T., Conde-Ruiz, J. I., Galasso, V. (2012). The political economy of flexicurity. Journal of the European Economic Association, 10(4): 684-715.
Chakravorti, B., Tunnard, C., Chaturvedi R.S. (2015). Harvard Business Review: where the digital economy is moving the fastest. Available at https://hbr.org/2015/02/where-the-digital-economy-is-moving-the-fastest (accessed 19 April 2017)
CHERI (2002). Access to what: analysis of factors determining graduate employability, Open University, Edimburg.
Cole, M. S., Rubin, R. S., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F. (2007). Recruiters' perceptions and use of applicant résumé information: Screening the recent graduate. Applied Psychology, 56(2): 319-343.
Costello, A. B., Osborne, J. W. (2011). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation, 10(7): 1-9.
Dacre Pool, L., Qualter, P. (2013). Emotional self-efficacy, graduate employability, and career satisfaction: Testing the associations. Australian Journal of Psychology, 65(4): 214-223.
Denison, E. (1970). Measuring the contribution to the education (and the residual) to economic growth, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Di Stefano, C., Zhu, M., Mindrila, D. (2009). Understanding and using factor scores: Considerations for the applied researcher. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 14(20): 1-11.
Doeringer, P., Piore, M. (1985). Internal labor markets and manpower analysis, M.E.Sharpe, New York.
Eurostat (2015). EU - Labour Force Survey – methodology, available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/ EU_labour_force_survey_-_ methodology (accessed 19 April 2017)
Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational behaviour, 65(1): 14-38.
González, J., Wagenaar, R. (2003). Tuning Educational Structures in Europe, Deusto University, Bilbao.
Grant, A. M., Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in organizational behaviour, 28(1): 3-34.
Grotkowska, G., Wincenciak, L., Gajderowicz, T. (2015). Ivory-tower or market-oriented enterprise: the role of higher education institutions in shaping graduate employability in the domain of science, Higher Education Research and Development, 34(5): 869-882.
Harvey, L. (2001). Defining and measuring employability”, Quality in higher education, 7(2): 97-109.
Harvey, M. (1999). Economies of time: a framework for analysing the restructuring of employment relations. Felstead, A. and Jewson, N. (Eds.), Global Trends in Flexible Labour, Macmillan Education, London, 21-42.
Hennemann, S., Liefner, I. (2010). Employability of German geography graduates: The mismatch between knowledge acquired and competences required. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 34(2): 215-230.
Hillage, J., Pollard, E. (1998). Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis. Research Brief No. 85, Institute for Employment Studies, Brighton.
Ho, H. F., Hung, C. C. (2008). Marketing mix formulation for higher education: An integrated analysis employing analytic hierarchy process, cluster analysis and correspondence analysis. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(4): 328-340.
Holmes, L. (2001). Reconsidering Graduate Employability: the graduate identity approach”, Quality in Higher Education, 7(2), 111-119.
Humburg, M., Van der Velden, R. (2015). Skills and the graduate recruitment process: Evidence from two discrete choice experiments. Economics of Education Review, 49: 24-41.
Husain, M. Y. H., Mustapha, R., Malik, S. A., Mokhtar, S.B. (2014). Review of measurement item of engineering students' learning environment: confirmatory factor analysis”, Journal of Technical Education and Training, 6(1): 142-156.
International Labour Organisation (2014). World of Work report: developing with jobs, International Labour Organization, Genève.
Islam, T., Ahmed, I., Khalifah, Z., Sadiq, M., Faheem, M. A. (2015). Graduates’ expectation gap: the role of employers and Higher Learning Institute. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 7(2): 372-384.
Jackson, J. F., O'Callaghan, E. M. (2009). What do we know about glass ceiling effects? A taxonomy and critical review to inform higher education research. Research in Higher Education, 50(5): 460-482.
Kane, G. C., Fichman, R. G., Gallaugher, J., Glaser, J. (2009). Community relations 2.0. Harvard business review, 87(11), 45-50.
Kirschenbaum, A., Mano-Negrin, R. (1999). Underlying labor market dimensions of opportunities: The case of employee turnover. Human Relations, 52(10): 1233-1255.
Knight, P. (1998). Professional obsolescence and continuing professional development in higher education. Innovations in education and training international, 35(3): 248-256.
Larrauri, J.O., Laskibar, X.G., Uraga, P.D.B., Gómez, P.I. (2015). Why has there been a decrease in the job satisfaction of faculty at Spanish universities? Tertiary Education and Management, 21(4): 293-305.
Leede, J. D., Huiskamp, R., Oeij, P., Nauta, A., Goudswaard, A., Kwakkelstein, T. (2007). Negotiating individual employment relations, evidence from four Dutch organizations. Revue Interventions économiques, 35: 1-21.
Lenton, P. (2015). Determining student satisfaction: An economic analysis of the National Student Survey. Economics of Education Review, 47: 118-127.
Mason, G., Williams, G., Cranmer, S. (2009). Employability skills initiatives in higher education: what effects do they have on graduate labour market outcomes? Education Economics, 17(1): 1-30.
Matsunaga, M. (2010). How to Factor-Analyze Your Data Right: Do's, Don'ts, and How-To's. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1): 97-110.
McGuinness, S., Sloane, P. J. (2011). Labour market mismatch among UK graduates: An analysis using REFLEX data. Economics of Education Review, 30(1):130-145.
McWilliam, G. (2012). Building stronger brands through online communities. Sloan management review, 41(3): 43-43.
Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings, National Bureau for Economic Research, New York.
Mora, J. G., Garcia-Montalvo, J., Garcia-Aracil, A. (2000). Higher education and graduate employment in Spain. European Journal of Education, 35(2): 229-237.
Moreau, M. P., Leathwood, C. (2006). Graduates' employment and the discourse of employability: a critical analysis”, Journal of Education and Work, 19(4): 305-324.
Muffels, R., Wilthagen, T. (2013). Flexicurity: A New Paradigm for the Analysis of Labor Markets and Policies Challenging the Trade Off Between Flexibility and Security. Sociology Compass, 7(2): 111-122.
Navarro, C., Humanes, M.L. (2012). Corporate blogging in Spanish companies. Design and application of a quality index (ICB). Comunicación y sociedad, 2(1): 117-144.
Neave, G., Veiga, A. (2013). The Bologna Process: inception, `take up´and familiarity. Higher Education, 66(1): 59-77.
OECD (2008). Tertiary education for the knowledge society, OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2016). Education at a glance 2016, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Owyang, J. (2007). The four tenets of the Community Manager, available at http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2007/11/25/the-four-tenets-of-the-community-manager/ (accessed 19 April 2017)
Riess, M. (2015). How to interpret factor scores in a logistic regression, available at https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_interpret_factor_scores_in_a_logistic_regression (accessed 19 April 2017)
Rothwell, A., Arnold, J. (2007). Self-perceived employability: development and validation of a scale. Personnel Review, 36(1): 23-41.
Rothwell, A., Herbert, I., Rothwell, F. (2008). Self-perceived employability: Construction and initial validation of a scale for university students. Journal of vocational behaviour, 73(1): 1-12.
Schomburg, H., Teichler, U. (2007). Higher education and graduate employment in Europe: results from graduates surveys from twelve countries, Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin.
Smith, M. A., Rainie, L., Shneiderman, B., Himelboim, I. (2014). Mapping twitter topic networks: From polarized crowds to community clusters, available at http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/20/mapping-twitter-topic-networks-from-polarized-crowds-to-community-clusters-2/ (accessed 19 April 2017)
Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signalling. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 8(1): 355-374.
Stiglitz, J. (1975). The theory of ‘screening’, education and the distribution of income. American Economic Review, 65(3): 283-300.
Støren, A. L., Aamodt, P. O. (2010). The quality of higher education and employability of graduates. Quality in Higher Education, 16(3): 297-313.
Szamosi, L. T. (2006). Just what are tomorrow's SME employees looking for? Education+ Training, 48(8/9): 654-665.
Thurow, L. (1975). Investment in human capital, California Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont.
Viebrock, E., Clasen, J. (2009). Flexicurity and welfare reform: a review”, Socio-Economic Review, 7:305-331.
Wilthagen, T., Tros, F. (2004). The concept of 'flexicurity': a new approach to regulating employment and labour markets. Transfer:European Review of labour and research, 10(2): 166-186.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
